Meaning & readings

trouble, worry, in pain, distress, illness

On’yomi ノウ
Kun’yomi なや.む、なや.ます、なや.ましい、なやみ

Origin

This character combines the heart radical on the left, which marks it as related to emotions and mental states, with a sound component on the right that suggests its pronunciation. The heart radical makes sense for a character about worry and distress — these are things you feel in your heart or mind. The right side gives a phonetic hint for how to say the word, rather than adding to the meaning. Together, the character captures the feeling of emotional turmoil and mental anguish that comes with worry and pain.

AI-generated (claude-haiku-4-5), not yet reviewed. Formation type (automated guess): Phono-semantic (meaning + sound hint).

10 strokes

Components

  • radical left
  • つ+ sound hint right

A sound hint component points at the character’s pronunciation, not its meaning — don’t read a meaning into it.

Common words

  • 苦悩 くのう (mental) agony; anguish
  • 悩み なやみ trouble; troubles
  • 悩む なやむ to be worried; to be troubled
  • 煩悩 ぼんのう worldly desires; evil passions
  • 悩ます なやます to afflict; to torment
  • 伸び悩む のびなやむ to be sluggish; to make little progress

Reference

Strokes
10
Kangxi radical
61
Grade
Jōyō (secondary school)
Frequency rank
#1084 (newspapers)
Former JLPT
level 2
Unicode
U+060A9