Meaning & readings

fundamentals, radical (chem), counter for machines, foundation

On’yomi
Kun’yomi もと、もとい
Nanori きい、とも

Origin

The character combines earth or soil () with a sound hint (其) stacked on top. Since foundations and fundamentals are built from or rooted in physical ground, the earth component makes sense for the meaning. The 其 part acts purely as a pronunciation guide, roughly matching the "ki" sound used in reading this character. Over time, the concrete idea of a solid base of earth expanded metaphorically to mean any kind of foundation or fundamental principle.

AI-generated (claude-haiku-4-5), not yet reviewed. Formation type (automated guess): Phono-semantic (meaning + sound hint).

11 strokes

Components

  • sound hint top
  • radical bottom

A sound hint component points at the character’s pronunciation, not its meaning — don’t read a meaning into it.

Common words

  • 塩基 えんき base
  • 基幹 きかん mainstay; nucleus
  • 基金 ききん fund; foundation
  • 基礎 きそ foundation; basis
  • 基地 きち base (military, expedition, etc.)
  • 基調 きちょう basic tone; underlying tone
  • 基盤 きばん base; basis
  • 基本 きほん basics; fundamentals

Reference

Strokes
11
Kangxi radical
32
Grade
Grade 5 (Kyōiku)
Frequency rank
#241 (newspapers)
Former JLPT
level 2
Unicode
U+057FA