Meaning & readings

camp, perform, build, conduct (business)

On’yomi エイ
Kun’yomi いとな.む、いとな.み

Origin

This character appears to combine a sound component at the top that hints at its pronunciation with the component 呂 (which relates to pitch pipes or musical scales) at the bottom. Over time, the character's visual form became associated with the idea of building or conducting something — possibly because organizing or arranging (like tuning pipes) requires structured effort and planning. The meaning gradually broadened from these concrete notions to include the general sense of "performing" or "conducting business." The exact semantic link between the parts is unclear, but the character's shape has long carried the sense of systematic human activity and construction.

営 12 strokes

Components

  • 𤇾V sound hint top
  • 呂 meaning part bottom

A sound hint component points at the character’s pronunciation, not its meaning — don’t read a meaning into it.

Common words

  • 運営 うんえい management; administration
  • 営み いとなみ activity; action
  • 営む いとなむ to run (a business); to operate
  • 営業 えいぎょう business; trade
  • 営繕 えいぜん maintenance and repair; upkeep (of equipment)
  • 営団 えいだん corporation; foundation
  • 営利 えいり money-making; commercialized
  • 経営 けいえい management; administration

Easily confused with

These look alike but are unrelated in meaning — check the stroke that differs.

Reference

Strokes
12
Kangxi radical
30
Formation type
Phono-semantic (meaning + sound hint)
Grade
Grade 5 (Kyōiku)
Frequency rank
#303 (newspapers)
Former JLPT
level 2
Unicode
U+055B6