Meaning & readings

acid, bitterness, sour, tart

On’yomi サン
Kun’yomi す.い

Origin

The left component 酉 is the traditional classifier for alcohol and fermented things, which already hints at sour or acidic flavors that develop through fermentation. The right component 夋 serves as a sound hint, suggesting how to pronounce the character roughly like "san." Together, these parts create a character that visually signals "something sour or acidic related to fermented drinks or alcohol," which naturally led to meanings like acid and bitterness.

AI-generated (claude-haiku-4-5), not yet reviewed. Formation type (automated guess): Phono-semantic (meaning + sound hint).

14 strokes

Components

  • radical left
  • sound hint right

A sound hint component points at the character’s pronunciation, not its meaning — don’t read a meaning into it.

Common words

  • 塩酸 えんさん hydrochloric acid
  • 核酸 かくさん nucleic acid
  • 酸化 さんか oxidation; oxidization
  • 酸性 さんせい acidity
  • 酸素 さんそ oxygen (O)
  • 酸味 さんみ sourness; acidity
  • 硝酸 しょうさん nitric acid
  • 辛酸 しんさん hardships; privation

Reference

Strokes
14
Kangxi radical
164
Grade
Grade 5 (Kyōiku)
Frequency rank
#1218 (newspapers)
Former JLPT
level 1
Unicode
U+09178