Origin

This character combines the word radical 言, which refers to speaking or words, with the component 公 on the right that serves as a sound hint for pronunciation. The basic idea is that a lawsuit or accusation involves formal speech or arguments presented through words — you speak your case in court to sue someone or accuse them. The 公 component doesn't contribute to the meaning itself, but it tells you roughly how the character should sound. Together, these parts create a character that captures the legal and verbal nature of taking action against someone.