Meaning & readings

severance, decline, refuse, apologize, warn, dismiss, prohibit, decision, judgement, cutting

On’yomi ダン
Kun’yomi た.つ、ことわ.る、さだ.める

Origin

This character appears to combine the idea of cutting with decision-making. The left side shows an axe or blade radical, which originally depicted a sharp tool used for cutting. The right side contains elements suggesting finality or completion. When you cut something with an axe, you sever it completely and make it final — there's no going back. This visual concept of decisive severance naturally extended to mean refusing something, making a judgment, or declining a request. The character essentially pictures the action of cutting away, which became a metaphor for all forms of decisive action and refusal.

AI-generated (claude-haiku-4-5), not yet reviewed. Formation type (automated guess): Pictographic or simple.

11 strokes

Components

This character is treated as a single, undivided shape (断).

  • meaning part

Common words

  • 横断 おうだん crossing (a road, river, etc.); cutting through (e.g. of a river through a town)
  • 決断 けつだん decision; determination
  • 遮断 しゃだん isolation; cut off
  • 縦断 じゅうだん running through (north-south); cutting across
  • 診断 しんだん diagnosis; medical examination
  • 寸断 すんだん cutting to pieces; tearing to pieces
  • 切断 せつだん cutting; severance
  • 断る ことわる to refuse; to reject

Reference

Strokes
11
Kangxi radical
69
Grade
Grade 5 (Kyōiku)
Frequency rank
#338 (newspapers)
Former JLPT
level 2
Unicode
U+065AD